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Tom Scotland's Pathfinder Squadron (614) became the PathFinder Force in Italy, leading RAF bombers into France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Roumania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and N. Italy.
Read more about the history of France in
Tom's autobiography "Voice from the stars, a Pathfinder's Story"
Tom
Scotland experienced the history of Germany in 1942 as an RAAF pilot on
the way to Britain when his convoy had to survive attack by submarines.
He arrived in a Britain on her knees from loss of shipping sunk by German
submarines and bombing. RAF bombers were flying from England to destroy
German manufacturing, but many obstacles including German defences frustrated
their attacks.
Read more about the history of Germany in
Tom's autobiography "Voice from the stars, a Pathfinder's Story"
"From small beginnings in the spring of 1944, when the nucleus of the force was sent to Italy after training in Pathfinder technique in England, it steadily increased its efficiency in target finding until navigational errors at the end of the war were reduced to nil, even though targets were sometimes small and difficult to locate.
When the pathfinder force first began its operations from Italy the losses were considerable, owing in part to weather conditions over the mountainous regions and to the strong defences covering the strategic targets selected."
Read more about the history of Italy
in Tom's autobiography "Voice from the stars, a Pathfinder's Story"